• The Enlightenment and Revolution: Study of the intellectual movement and political upheavals in Europe during the 18th century.
• The French Revolution: Causes, events, and outcomes of the French Revolution and its influence on Europe.
• Industrialization: The economic, social, and technological changes that occurred in 19th-century Europe.
• World Wars: Analysis of the causes and consequences of World War I and World War II.
• The Rise of Modern States: Examination of the development of European nation-states and the impact of nationalism.

Modern European History covers the transformative events and movements in Europe from the Enlightenment through to the contemporary era. Key topics include the French Revolution, industrialization, the rise of nationalism, the world wars, and the formation of modern European states.

The course also delves into the social and cultural changes in Europe, as well as the impact of colonialism and imperialism on the continent. By studying these historical events, students gain insights into the forces that shaped the modern world.